TIMELINE: The plots and twists of the 'Alice Guo' probe

The Senate on Saturday issued an arrest warrant for Alice Guo merely four months after she was catapulted into the national spotlight after "failing to recall" details of "growing up on a farm" as she faced questions from lawmakers.  

The 33-year-old mayor has been faced with several accusations, such as having a fake identity, being a Chinese spy, and being part of a Philippine Offshore Gaming Operator (POGO) syndicate.

This, as her statement "hindi ko na po maaala, your honor" answer at the Senate became the talk of the town and became a punch line everywhere. 

But how did it go from meme to Senate arrest and the Anti-money Laundering Council (AMLC) stepping in to freeze her alleged billions of assets? 

Here's an overview of the plots and twists of the mayor of Bamban in recent months. 

March 25, 2024 — Senator Sherwin Gatchalian urged the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to investigate a local government official in Tarlac over possible links to a recently raided POGO hub in the province. 

He cited a Sangguniang Bayan Resolution indicating that Guo supposedly applied for the license to operate the Hongsheng Gaming Technology Inc.

April 5, 2024 — The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) created a task force to look into Guo’s alleged link to illegal activities of the POGO in her town. 

April 8, 2024 — Guo denied her involvement in the POGO operations and alleged illegal activities of Zun Yuan Technology Incorporated in Bamban, which included human trafficking and illegal detention.

Gatchalian said a list of vehicles found inside the premises of Zun Yuan Technology and verification with the Land Transportation Office (LTO) showed that one of the vehicles was registered under Guo's name.

DILG Secretary Benhur Abalos said they have recommended the issuance of a preventive suspension against Mayor Guo to the Ombudsman in order to prevent any influence on the continuing investigations of our and other agencies. 

“I deny in the strongest terms all of these allegations of criminal conduct — or at least, allegations that I have somehow aided and abetted the supposedly Zun Yuan Technology Inc.,” Guo said in a statement.

May 7, 2024 — Guo's case came into the limelight during a hearing before the Senate panel on women, headed by Senator Risa Hontiveros. 

May 8, 2024 — Hontiveros starts questioning Guo's real identity. The senator even went as far as asking if she was a Chinese citizen as she expressed doubt about her Filipino identity which was not backed by official records. 

According to Hontiveros, Guo's name only floated during the 2022 elections and the latter has no hospital record of birth and no school records in the Philippines.

It was revealed during the hearing that Guo's live birth registration was filed when she was already 17 years old.

May 16, 2024 — President Ferdinand ‘Bongbong’ Marcos Jr. said he knew most of the politicians in Tarlac and none of them knew the mayor of Bamban. He said the controversial mayor should really be investigated by concerned agencies. 

May 20, 2024 — Guo provided personal details about herself to refute accusations that include her alleged involvement with illegal POGO activities and that she might be a spy.

She then provided personal details about herself to refute accusations that include her alleged involvement with illegal POGO activities and that she might be a spy.

Guo explained that she is a love child of her father and his maid. 

May 21, 2024 — Hontiveros raised questions regarding Guo's alleged previous business partnerships with foreigners who have criminal records. She cited Baofu Land Development Inc.'s 2019 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) documents. Zun Yuan Technology Incorporated, a POGO that was raided in March, operated inside the Baofu compound behind the Bamban municipal hall.

Hontiveros noted that in the SEC documents, Baofu's incorporators included Guo, Rachel Joan Malonzo Carreon, a Filipino; Zhiyang Huang, a Cypriot; Zhang Ruijin, a Chinese; and Baoying Lin, a Dominican.

The lawmaker mentioned news reports on Zhang Ruijin's conviction last month for being linked to the "largest money laundering case in Singapore." Citing a report by Channel News Asia, Hontiveros said the Chinese allegedly has "$41 million in assets overseas, including shareholdings in a Philippine real estate development company."

May 22, 2024— Guo said she was initially not aware of the criminal records of her foreign business partners as disclosed by Hontiveros, claiming she only learned about it through social media. 

On the same day, Hontiveros, citing Philippine Statistics Authority data, said Guo's supposed parents do not have birth records in the PSA.

An official of the PSA said there was a "high possibility" that Angelito Guo and Amelia Leal—the names that appeared in Guo's late-registration birth certificate—did not exist. 

May 24, 2024— The DILG files graft charges against Guo over her reported involvement with POGO.

June 3, 2024— The Office of the Ombudsman suspends Guo and two other local government officials for up to six months following the case filed by DILG against her.

June 5, 2024— Guo refuted allegations that her real mother is Chinese national Wen Yi Lin.

Meanwhile, Hontiveros said possible cases to be filed against Guo and questions about her identity have become more "solid" after the executive session in the Senate with various government agencies. 

June 6, 2024 — The Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN) of Guo contained mismatching details on her declared properties. It showed that Guo declared assets worth around P429 million in her June 30, 2022 SALN. An amended copy of the document issued July 1, 2022, however, indicated her net worth plunged to only P286 million. 

From nine properties, Guo removed three real estate properties including a company under her name. Also cut from the list of her personal properties were club shares and a deposit for land acquisition worth P138 million. 

June 18, 2024 — The camp of Guo is seeking a fair investigation into the issues and controversies thrown against her.

This as Guo’s associates submitted a letter to the Office of Executive Secretary Lucas Bersamin on Tuesday morning to explain her side amid accusations against her, including the alleged involvement to the Baofu Land Development, Inc., espionage, human trafficking, kidnapping, and money laundering. 

Meanwhile, Gatchalian presented records from the Board of Investments of the Guo family's application for a Special Investors Resident Visa.

"Alice Guo might be Guo Hua Ping who entered the Philippines on January 12, 2003, when she was 13. Her real birth date is on Aug 31, 1990," Gatchalian said.

June 19, 2024 — Guo has denied her involvement to a certain Guo Hua Ping, a Chinese passport holder. Atty. Stephen David, lawyer of Guo, said that many people are named “Guo Hua Ping” and urged Gatchalian to bring his documents to a proper forum and present his evidence. 

Moreover, the electricity bills of the raided POGO hub in Bamban were found named under Guo, according to the Philippine Anti-Organized Crime Commission (PAOCC). 

June 20, 2024 — Senator Loren Legarda echoed the call for the National People's Coalition (NPC) to kick Guo from the party amid allegations being hurled against her.

June 21, 2024 — Authorities  filed a complaint against Guo and others for alleged human trafficking in connection to the raided POGO hub in her municipality.

Guo was also referred to as “a.k.a. Guo Hua Ping” in the complaint.

June 25, 2024 — The Office of the Ombudsman has junked Guo's bid to lift the six-month preventive suspension slapped against her over her alleged links to a raided POGO in her jurisdiction.

The Ombudsman resolution dated June 21 said it is standing by its preliminary findings that there are sufficient grounds to hold that the evidence against Guo and the other respondents is strong.

June 26, 2024 — At the continuation of the Senate investigation, Hontiveros questioned the real identity of Guo, as she bared a document from the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) showing a picture of another woman with the name Alice Leal Guo.

Hontiveros said the NBI document showed that the two Alice Leal Guos have the same birthday, July 12, 1986, and that their names have the same spelling.

"Has Guo Haping assumed the identity of a Filipino woman and then nearly a decade later, ran for public office? Sino po ang babaeng ito na may pangalang Alice Leal Guo pero hindi kamukha ni Mayor? Nasaan na po siya ngayon?" she added.

Guo, however, earlier announced her absence, which was confirmed by her lawyer Stephen David, saying that the embattled mayor "is not feeling okay."

Hontiveros then ordered the issuance of subpoenas against suspended Guo and her family members.

June 27, 2024 — The Office of Solicitor General (OSG) said it is looking to immediately file a quo warranto case against Guo after the NBI confirmed that she has the same fingerprints as the Chinese passport holder Guo Hua Ping.

July 8, 2024 — Guo's camp said the suspended mayor is not keen on attending the continuation of the Senate investigation after being "traumatized" during the hearings, according to David.

This is despite the issuance of a subpoena against her and the warnings from Hontiveros and Gatchalian that she might be cited in contempt and arrested if she does not appear in the Senate hearings.

July 10, 2024 — The Senate committee ordered the issuance of an arrest order against Guo after she skipped the resumption of the investigation on the raided POGO hub in her town. 

Senate President Pro Tempore Jinggoy Estrada moved to issue the arrest order against Guo, which was approved by Hontiveros, the chairperson of the committee on women, children, family relations, and gender equality.  

Meanwhile, Gatchalian also moved to cite Guo's relatives who were issued subpoenas, particularly her father Jian Zhong Guo, suspected biological mother Wen Yi Lin, and siblings Seimen, Wesley, and Shiela.

Apart from the Guo family, Dennis Cunanan and Nancy Gamo were also cited in contempt.

Gatchalian also belied Guo's claim that she was homeschooled in their farm in Tarlac as he disclosed the latter's school records from Grace Christian High School from 2000 to 2003.

"Apparently si Guo Hua Ping or si Alice Guo ay hindi lumaki sa farm. Hindi rin siya homeschooled. Nag-aral ho siya... Nag-aral siya sa parehas kong school — sa Grace Christian High School for Grades 1, 2, and 3. Year 2000 to 2003," Gatchalian said.

July 12, 2024 — Guo thanked the people of her town for their continued support, stressing that she has no regrets that she entered politics even if it has been a painful experience.

In closing her post, Guo said, "Ako po ay isang FILIPINO. At MAY MALAKING puso for BAMBAN at mahal na mahal ko ang Pilipinas."

July 13, 2024 — The Senate has issued an arrest order against Guo for repeatedly failing to attend the upper chamber’s investigation into the raided POGO hub in her town.

Also ordered arrested are Dennis Lacson Cunanan, Nancy Jimenez Gamo, and the mayor's alleged relatives Shiela Leal Guo, Wesley Leal Guo, Jian Zhong Guo, Seimen L. Guo, and Wenyi Lin.

July 18, 2024 —  Gatchalian raised the possibility that Guo might use her Chinese passport to escape the Philippines.

The senator also requested the Bureau of Immigration (BI) to check if there is an Alice Guo or Guo Hua Ping who departed from the country's formal exit points.

July 19, 2024 — Guo questioned Hontiveros and Gatchalian on why they seemed fixated on her, indicating she was ready to face the allegations against her "in a fair trial at a proper forum."

“Am I really the country’s biggest problem that they need to focus on? Or do they just want to project me as the antagonist/villain?” Guo said in her statement.

She also asked the senators to focus on other issues instead.

In response to Gatchalian’s allegations, Guo also said that she does not hold a Chinese passport.

July 22, 2024 — Guo did not appear before the Department of Justice’s hearing on the human trafficking complaint filed against her, but she was represented by her legal counsel instead.

July 23, 2024 — Senate President Francis Escudero dismissed Guo’s letter to him explaining her absences in the Senate hearings and her apology over her statement towards Hontiveros and Gatchalian.

Escudero also noted that Guo did not indicate in her letter if she will attend or not the Senate investigation or if she will follow the subpoena and the arrest order of the Senate.

July 29, 2024 — The OSG filed a quo warranto petition against Guo.

In the 45-page petition, the OSG asked the Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 34 to declare Guo’s proclamation as Bamban mayor null and void and for her to be ousted.

August 5, 2024 — The Commission on Elections (Comelec) approves the filing of a formal complaint against Guo for alleged “material representation” in her 2022 candidacy.

According to Comelec, Guo violated Section 74 in relation to Section 262 of the Omnibus Election Code, which mandated her to run for position using her official registered name.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) also confirmed that a human trafficking complaint against Guo and several others had already been submitted for resolution.

August 13, 2024 — The Office of the Ombudsman issues a 25-page decision ordering Guo’s dismissal, forfeiture of her retirement benefits, and perpetual dismissal from public office for grave misconduct.

The Comelec serves a subpoena against Guo but is unable to find her.

August 14, 2024 — The Comelec appoints acting officials following the dismissal of Guo and 12 others from their positions in Bamban, Tarlac. Municipal Councilor Erano Timbang shall temporarily serve as Bamban mayor.

The Guo camp expresses their intent to file a motion of reconsideration against the dismissal order from the Office of the Ombudsman.

The Bureau of Internal Revenue files tax evasion complaint against Guo after she allegedly failed to settle P500,000 in taxes.

August 16, 2024 — Guo's camp requests the DOJ to dismiss the qualified human trafficking complaints filed against her and 12 others.

August 19, 2024 — Hontiveros says Guo left the country for Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on July 18 using a Philippine passport.

The BI says Guo left the country without passing through immigration authorities.

August 20, 2024 — The BI confirms that Guo is now in Indonesia, and is launching an investigation on who is responsible for her illegal departure.

Hontiveros calls the Department of Foreign Affairs to immediately nullify Guo's passport.

Guo’s lawyer, David, meanwhile says based on their last conversation, Guo is still in the country though he cannot confirm her exact location. 

August 22 — Cassandra Li Ong and Guo's sister Sheila Guo are intercepted in Indonesia. They were brought back to the Philippines on the same day.

August 28 — The National Prosecution Service (NPS) says it has recommended the filing of charges against Shiela Guo and Ong. 

August 29 — The DOJ confirms that charges have been filed against Shiela Guo.

August 30 — A total of 87 counts of money laundering were filed against Alice Guo and 35 others at the DOJ about the raided POGO hubs in Bamban and Porac, Pampanga.

September 2 — The Comelec says it has yet to receive the counter-affidavit of Guo against a subpoena they filed against her. 

September 3 — Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra says Guo’s camp has asked the Manila Regional Trial Court (RTC) Branch 34 to dismiss the quo warranto petition seeking her removal from public office. 

September 4 — Alice Guo was arrested in Indonesia, according to the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission (PAOCC). 

Gatchalian said that she was put in custody of the Indonesian Police at Jatanras Mabes Polri.  

September 5 —  Guo is expected to return to Manila Thursday evening after being formally turned over to Philippine authorities led by Interior Secretary Benhur Abalos and PNP chief Police General Rommel Marbil who traveled to Indonesia.

The AMLC, on the other hand, said that the dismissed Bamban, Tarlac mayor and her alleged cohorts may face from 609 to 1,218 years imprisonment if they would be convicted in the multiple counts of money laundering cases filed against them.

September 6 — Alice Guo arrived in the Philippines early Friday morning after being deported from Indonesia. —with Giselle Ombay/VAL/RSJ/KBK/KG, GMA Integrated News